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Confinement induces internal flows in adherent cell aggregates.

M S Yousafzai1,2, S Amiri2,3, Z G Sun2,4

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , , CT 06511, USA.

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|May 22, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell migration and tissue convection are complex. This study reveals how cell aggregate spreading on surfaces creates internal circulation, balancing outward migration with inward contractile flows for net cell motion.

Keywords:
cell aggregatesconfinementconvectionmigrationsurface tensiontraction force

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Mesenchymal cell migration involves F-actin dynamics and actomyosin contraction, influencing force transmission to the extracellular matrix.
  • Tissue-scale convection, driven by surface tension and pressure gradients, also contributes to cellular ensemble motion.
  • The coordination between individual cell migration and tissue convection remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how cell migration and convection interact to determine the net motion of cellular ensembles.
  • To explore the dynamics of cell aggregate spreading on adhesive micropatterns on compliant substrates.

Main Methods:

  • Studied the spreading of cell aggregates on adhesive micropatterns on compliant substrates.
  • Observed cell monolayer expansion, protrusion stabilization, retraction, and detachment.
  • Modeled cell aggregates as confined active droplets.

Main Results:

  • Cell aggregates initially spread outwards but fail to stabilize protrusions beyond adhesive boundaries, leading to retraction and detachment.
  • Detached cells exhibit upward and rearward movement, creating bulk convective flow towards the aggregate center.
  • A cyclic process establishes a balance between outward protrusive migration and inward contractile flows, resulting in internal circulation.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between surface tension-driven flows, outward monolayer migration, and mass conservation drives internal circulation within cell aggregates.
  • This internal circulation represents a steady-state balance between surface migration and retrograde flows.
  • Understanding these dynamics is crucial for comprehending tissue morphogenesis and collective cell behaviors.