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Technical note: Micro-computed tomography calibration using dental tissue for bone mineral research.

Ian Towle1,2, Carolina Loch2, Marc Oxenham3,4

  • 1Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain.

American Journal of Biological Anthropology
|May 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Dental tissue offers a reliable "phantomless" calibration method for microcomputed tomography (μCT) scans, enabling accurate bone mineral concentration analysis in osteological research.

Keywords:
bone mineral concentrationmicro‐CT calibrationphantomless calibrationμCT

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Area of Science:

  • Paleoanthropology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Radiological Imaging

Background:

  • Computed tomography (CT) and microcomputed tomography (μCT) commonly use density phantoms for mineral concentration (MC) and density calibration.
  • Existing
  • phantomless
  • calibration methods often rely on bodily tissues or fluids, which are not readily available in archeological and osteological research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This study investigates the efficacy of using dental tissues as an internal reference for μCT calibration.
  • The aim is to facilitate accurate bone MC analysis in contexts where conventional phantoms are impractical.

Main Methods:

  • Seventy molars from 24 primate species, including human teeth, were analyzed.
  • Scans were performed using density phantoms for initial calibration.
  • Specific regions of molars (lateral aspects of mesial cusps) were sampled for MC analysis.

Main Results:

  • Dental enamel and dentine exhibited low variation in MC values (1.27 ± 0.03 g/cm³ for dentine, 2.25 ± 0.03 g/cm³ for enamel).
  • No significant differences in MC were found across different molar types or scanning parameters (scanner model, resolution, filters).
  • Ad hoc testing on mandibles showed minimal variance (within 0.05 g/cm³) between phantom and dental tissue calibration methods.

Conclusions:

  • A novel
  • phantomless
  • calibration technique utilizing mean enamel and dentine MC values is proposed.
  • This method can aid in assessing bone pathology and studying bone structure variations in archeological, osteological, and laboratory settings.