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Evaluation of the relationship between end-tidal carbon dioxide level and heart failure classification

Murat Tepe1, Hakan Hakkoymaz2, Ali İhsan Kilci2

  • 1Necip Fazıl City Hospital, Emergency Medicine - Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.

Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992)
|May 22, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Lower end-tidal carbon dioxide levels correlate with advanced heart failure stages. This finding, alongside ejection fraction and pro-BNP, aids in assessing heart failure severity.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) is a critical condition characterized by cardiac dysfunction, with significant morbidity and mortality.
  • The New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification system stratifies HF severity based on symptoms and physical limitations.
  • End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) monitoring offers insights into respiratory and metabolic status, with potential applications in various cardiorespiratory diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between ETCO2 levels and NYHA functional classification in patients with heart failure.
  • To explore the utility of ETCO2 as a potential biomarker for HF severity.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 80 heart failure patients was recruited from an adult emergency department.
  • Patients were categorized into NYHA heart failure stages.
  • Measurements included ETCO2 levels, ejection fraction (EF), and pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) levels.

Main Results:

  • Significantly lower ETCO2 levels and ejection fraction were observed in NYHA Stage 4 heart failure patients compared to other stages.
  • Pro-BNP levels were significantly elevated in Stage 4 patients relative to other NYHA classifications.
  • A correlation was established between declining ETCO2 and increasing heart failure severity.

Conclusions:

  • ETCO2 levels demonstrate a significant relationship with heart failure severity as defined by the NYHA classification.
  • ETCO2, in conjunction with pro-BNP and EF, may serve as a valuable tool for assessing heart failure severity.
  • Further research can validate ETCO2's role in routine HF management.
Abstract

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