Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

156
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
156
Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

384
Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
384
Storage01:23

Storage

84
A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
84
Visual System01:26

Visual System

571
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
571
Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

292
Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
292
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

199
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
199

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Prevalence of germinal center B-cell-like and non-germinal center B-cell-like types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in Shanghai, China].

Zhonghua bing li xue za zhi = Chinese journal of pathology·2010
Same author

Enhancement of exo-polysaccharide production and antioxidant activity in submerged cultures of Inonotus obliquus by lignocellulose decomposition.

Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology·2010
Same author

Two new dihydrobenzofuran lignans from Rabdosia lophanthoides (Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don) Hara.

Journal of Asian natural products research·2010
Same author

Biogenic silica in intertidal marsh plants and associated sediments of the Yangtze Estuary.

Journal of environmental sciences (China)·2010
Same author

Analysis of oral microbiota in children with dental caries by PCR-DGGE and barcoded pyrosequencing.

Microbial ecology·2010
Same author

Determination of bicyclol in dog plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences·2010

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
07:01

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Published on: September 20, 2020

4.7K

The object as the unit for state switching in visual working memory.

Shengnan Zhu1, Yongqi Li1, Yingtao Fu1

  • 1Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, PR China.

Cognition
|May 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Visual working memory (VWM) switches representational states based on objects, not individual features. This finding supports the object-based hypothesis for VWM processing.

Keywords:
Active stateAttentionPassive stateVisual working memory

More Related Videos

Methods for Presenting Real-world Objects Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions
06:54

Methods for Presenting Real-world Objects Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions

Published on: June 21, 2019

5.9K
Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
07:08

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

8.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
07:01

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Published on: September 20, 2020

4.7K
Methods for Presenting Real-world Objects Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions
06:54

Methods for Presenting Real-world Objects Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions

Published on: June 21, 2019

5.9K
Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
07:08

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

8.3K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Visual working memory (VWM) allows temporary storage and manipulation of visual information.
  • Understanding how information is organized and updated in VWM is crucial for cognitive theories.
  • Two competing hypotheses exist: feature-based vs. object-based switching of representational states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine whether representational states in VWM are switched at the feature or object level.
  • To test the feature-based hypothesis against the object-based hypothesis.

Main Methods:

  • Employed the memory-driven attentional capture effect to probe VWM states.
  • Participants (N=180) held one or two features from one or two objects in VWM.
  • Used retro-cues to assess the representational states of probed colors.

Main Results:

  • Memory-related capture was observed only for the first probed feature in the separate object condition.
  • Features from an integrated object guided attention irrespective of probe order.
  • Findings were consistent across experiments varying feature dimensions and object integration.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence supports the object-based hypothesis for VWM representational switching.
  • Features within a single object are unlikely to exist in distinct representational states.
  • VWM likely treats integrated objects as unified units for state switching.