Injectable Penile Enhancement Procedures: A Review of Agents, Risks, and Complications

Penile dysmorphophobic disorder describes men who feel their normal penile size is inadequate. Penile fillers have been used to address penile size dissatisfaction. However, unpredictability of these procedures can yield unfavorable outcomes. Reactions to these foreign bodies are inherently uncertain, owing to an array of materials, concentrations, and biocompatibility. Management of complications also varies. As fillers are more commonly used in cosmetic procedures to augment facial features, most genitourinary surgeons are unfamiliar with these therapies. This review seeks to describe the available materials, techniques, and risk profiles of the various types of fillers used for penile augmentation.