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Microbial nitrogen removal in reef-building corals: A light-sensitive process.

Qingsong Yang1, Juan Ling2, Ying Zhang3

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.

Chemosphere
|May 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Microbial nitrogen removal, including denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), is active in stony corals. Denitrification is the primary process, contributing to coral reef health and resilience.

Keywords:
AnammoxDO fluctuationsDenitrificationDiel rhythmNitrogen isotopesPocillopora damicornis

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Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Microbial ecology
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Scleractinian corals form tropical reef frameworks.
  • Microbial nitrogen cycling is vital for coral reef ecosystems.
  • Complete denitrification and anammox activities in corals remain under-characterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and quantify nitrogen removal via denitrification and anammox in stony corals.
  • To characterize the rates and diel rhythms of these microbial processes.
  • To advance understanding of nitrogen cycling in coral holobionts.

Main Methods:

  • 15N-tracer incubation experiments were performed on Pocillopora damicornis.
  • Nitrogen gas (N2) production from denitrification and anammox was measured.
  • Stable isotope techniques were employed to trace nitrogen transformations.

Main Results:

  • Denitrification and anammox activities were confirmed in stony corals.
  • Rates of denitrification and anammox were quantified (0.765 ± 0.162 and 0.078 ± 0.009 nmol N2 cm-2 h-1, respectively).
  • Denitrification accounted for approximately 90% of N2 production, with observed diel rhythms.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first direct evidence of complete denitrification and anammox in stony corals.
  • Microbial nitrogen removal is a significant process within the coral holobiont.
  • Understanding these processes enhances knowledge of coral reef resilience to environmental changes.