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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder of the small intestine with a global prevalence of 0.7%–1.4%.
  • Diagnosis typically involves serological markers like IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-TTG) and histological assessment.
  • CD is triggered by gluten consumption and involves genetic, immunological, and environmental factors, leading to malabsorption and nutritional deficiencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize key characteristics of celiac disease.
  • To explore the significant role of vitamin D in individuals with CD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on celiac disease and vitamin D.
  • Analysis of the bidirectional relationship between CD and vitamin D status.

Main Results:

  • Celiac disease prevalence varies globally, with recent studies showing rates up to 2% in Northern Europe.
  • A gluten-free diet, necessary for CD management, can lead to nutrient deficiencies, including vitamin D.
  • Low vitamin D levels are linked to a worse clinical outcome in celiac disease patients.

Conclusions:

  • Swift and cost-effective diagnosis of CD is crucial, especially for screened individuals.
  • The interplay between celiac disease and vitamin D status is bidirectional and clinically significant.
  • Further research into vitamin D's role in CD is warranted to improve patient outcomes.