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Area of Science:

  • Oceanography
  • Climate Science
  • Atmospheric Science

Background:

  • The Northwest Pacific Ocean's currents connect tropical and subtropical gyres, influencing East Asian and global climates.
  • The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) disrupts this ocean circulation, but its spatiotemporal impacts are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the distinct tropical and subtropical influences of ocean circulation on ENSO diversity.
  • To analyze how ENSO events affect various currents in the Northwest Pacific.

Main Methods:

  • Combined altimeter and drifter observations.
  • Analyzed sea level changes in the warm pool and wind stress curl variations.

Main Results:

  • During El Niño years, the North Equatorial Current, North Equatorial Countercurrent, Mindanao Current, Indonesian Throughflow, and subtropical Kuroshio Current strengthen, while the tropical Kuroshio Current weakens.
  • Tropical impacts manifest as sea level changes in the warm pool; subtropical influences stem from wind stress curl variations.
  • Central Pacific El Niño events amplify tropical and subtropical influences more than Eastern Pacific El Niño events.

Conclusions:

  • ENSO's influence on Northwest Pacific circulation varies between tropical and subtropical regions.
  • These impacts are projected to intensify with global warming.
  • Enhanced observation systems and climate models are crucial for future projections.