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Faecal lipid profile as a new marker of fat maldigestion, malabsorption and microbiota

Andrea Asensio-Grau1,2, Miguel Ferriz-Jordán1, David Hervás3

  • 1Institute of Food Engineering (FoodUPV). Polytechnic University of València, 46022, València, Spain.

Pediatric Research
|May 22, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Fat malabsorption in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is linked to their gut bacteria and nutrition. Faecal lipidome analysis can identify maldigestion or malabsorption, aiding targeted nutritional support for CF patients.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Nutrition
  • Microbiome Research
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • Fat malabsorption in cystic fibrosis (CF) children impairs nutritional status and alters gut microbiota.
  • Understanding the fecal lipid profile in CF is crucial for addressing these issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish the fecal lipid profile in children with CF.
  • To explore associations between the fecal lipidome, microbiota, and nutritional status.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional observational study comparing children with CF and age-matched controls.
  • Fecal lipidome analysis using UHLC-HRMS.
  • Microbiota profiling via 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

Main Results:

  • Five distinct fecal lipidome clusters (LC) were identified, characterized by varying levels of triglycerides, diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols, and fatty acids.
  • Significant shifts in gut microbiota composition (e.g., decreased Bacteroidota and Verrucomicrobiota, increased Proteobacteria) were observed across lipidome clusters.
  • Nutritional status indicators were highest in the cluster with good digestion and absorption and declined progressively in clusters with poorer digestion and absorption.

Conclusions:

  • Fecal lipidomic analysis can differentiate between fat maldigestion (triglycerides) and malabsorption (monoglycerides, fatty acids) in CF.
  • Children with CF can be categorized based on their fecal lipidome profiles, reflecting fat digestion and absorption.
  • Fecal lipidome profiles correlate with gut microbiota composition and nutritional status, offering a potential tool for targeted nutritional interventions.
Abstract

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