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Longitudinal changes in three normal facial types.

S E Bishara, J R Jakobsen

    American Journal of Orthodontics
    |December 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Facial types remain consistent from childhood to adulthood, with distinct growth patterns observed across long, average, and short facial types. Longitudinal studies provide more meaningful insights into subtle dentofacial changes over time.

    Area of Science:

    • Dentofacial Orthopedics
    • Human Growth and Development
    • Craniofacial Biology

    Background:

    • Understanding dentofacial relationships is crucial for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
    • Facial types are typically categorized as long, average, or short, influencing craniofacial morphology.
    • Longitudinal data is essential for accurately tracking growth and developmental changes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe and compare dentofacial relationships across three normal facial types (long, average, short).
    • To analyze absolute and incremental changes in dentofacial parameters from age 5 to 25.5 years.
    • To establish age-, sex-, and facial type-specific standards for dentofacial development.

    Main Methods:

    • Longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis of 48 dentofacial parameters in 35 subjects (20 males, 15 females).

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  • Data collected at ages 5, 10, 15, and 25.5 years.
  • Statistical analysis including descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA).

    • Main Results:

    • Most individuals (77%) maintained their facial type from age 5 to 25.5 years, indicating strong facial type stability.
    • Growth curves for most parameters showed parallelism across facial types, but curve magnitudes differed significantly.
    • Significant sex-based differences in dentofacial parameters were observed within each facial type.

    Conclusions:

    • Facial type is largely maintained throughout development, with distinct differences in growth magnitude among types.
    • Longitudinal analysis offers more reliable insights into subtle dentofacial growth trends than cross-sectional studies.
    • Age-, sex-, and facial type-specific standards are valuable for evaluating dentofacial development.