Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry

Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry

This lesson delves into the geometry of a radical, which is influenced by the electronic structure of the molecule. The principle is similar to that of a lone pair, where the unpaired electron influences the geometry at the radical center.
Accordingly, the structure of a trivalent radical lies between the geometries of carbocations and carbanions. An sp2-hybridized carbocation is trigonal planar, while an sp3-hybridized carbanion is trigonal pyramidal. Here, the difference in geometry is...

[3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of 1,5-Dienes: Cope Rearrangement

[3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of 1,5-Dienes: Cope Rearrangement

The Cope rearrangement is classified as a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in 1,5-dienes, leading to a more stable, isomeric 1,5-diene. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six electrons, four from two π bonds and two from a σ bond, via an energetically favorable chair-like transition state.

Stability of Substituted Cyclohexanes

Stability of Substituted Cyclohexanes

This lesson discusses the stability of substituted cyclohexanes with a focus on energies of various conformers and the effect of 1,3-diaxial interactions.
The two chair conformations of cyclohexanes undergo rapid interconversion at room temperature. Both forms have identical energies and stabilities, each comprising equal amounts of the equilibrium mixture. Replacing a hydrogen atom with a functional group makes the two conformations energetically non-equivalent.
For example, in...

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration

A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted fashion with the attack of borane on the π bond, giving a cyclic four-centered transition state. The –BH2 group is bonded to the less substituted carbon and –H to the more substituted carbon. The concerted nature requires the simultaneous addition of –H and –BH2 across the same face of the alkene giving syn...

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization

Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane

Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane

The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a result of cyclohexane’s bond angle being very close to the ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° in its chair conformer. Similarly, the torsional strain is also absent owing to the perfectly staggered arrangement of bonds.
The hydrogen atoms linked to carbons are arranged in two different axial and equatorial orientations to achieve this...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Literature-based spatiotemporal patterns of Hyalomma asiaticum and associated pathogen risks along the Belt and Road Economic Corridors.

Veterinary parasitology·2026

Same author

Design, Synthesis, and Fungicidal Activity of Pyrimidinamine Derivatives as Novel Complex I Inhibitors.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026

Same author

Tunable Bandpass Filtering in Coupled Nanodrums Enabled by 1:1 Internal Resonance.

Micromachines·2026

Same author

Multi-Omics Analysis Sheds Light on the Relative Roles of Hormones and Nutrients in Regulating Secondary Flowering in <i>Prunus subhirtella</i> 'Autumnalis'.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Rapid solar energy development in deserts: A missing element in desertification control and achieving Sustainable Development Goals.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Same author

A meta-analysis of the effects of high-intensity interval training on circulatory system-related indicators in sedentary populations.

Frontiers in physiology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units

Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units

Published on: September 18, 2016

Regiodivergent Remote C-H Functionalization by Tuning Template Geometry.

Guoshuai Li¹, Yifei Yan¹, Jinghong Tang²

¹National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide, State Key Laboratory of Elementoorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.

Organic Letters

|May 23, 2024

Summary

Precise remote C-H bond differentiation in arenes is challenging. This study uses geometry-tunable templates for palladium-catalyzed remote meta- and para-C-H activation of benzoic acids with high selectivity.

More Related Videos

Operation of the Collaborative Composite Manufacturing CCM System

Operation of the Collaborative Composite Manufacturing CCM System

Published on: October 1, 2019

Designing a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami

Designing a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami

Published on: July 8, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units

Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units

Published on: September 18, 2016

Operation of the Collaborative Composite Manufacturing CCM System

Operation of the Collaborative Composite Manufacturing CCM System

Published on: October 1, 2019

Designing a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami

Designing a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami

Published on: July 8, 2013

Area of Science:

Organic Chemistry
Catalysis
Synthetic Methodology

Background:

Transition-metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization is crucial in organic synthesis.
Differentiating between remote adjacent C(sp2)-H bonds in arenes presents a significant challenge.
Template-directed strategies are explored to control site selectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the template structure-directivity relationship in remote C-H functionalization of arenes.
To achieve site-selective remote C-H activation using geometry-tunable templates.
To develop a method for differentiating between remote adjacent C(sp2)-H bonds.

Main Methods:

Experimental studies of template-directed C-H functionalization.
Computational investigations of reaction mechanisms and selectivity.
Palladium-catalyzed reactions utilizing geometry-tunable templates.

Main Results:

Successful demonstration of remote meta- and para-C-H activation of benzoic acids.
High site selectivity achieved through the use of geometry-tunable templates.
Elucidation of the structure-directivity relationship governing remote C-H functionalization.

Conclusions:

Geometry-tunable templates enable precise control over remote C-H activation.
The developed methodology offers a solution to the challenge of differentiating remote adjacent C(sp2)-H bonds.
This work advances the field of transition-metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization.