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Rice's trajectory from wild to domesticated in East Asia.

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Wild rice grew over 100,000 years ago in China. Evidence shows rice exploitation began 24,000 years ago, with cultivation around 13,000 years ago and domestication by 11,000 years ago.

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Area of Science:

  • Archaeobotany
  • Paleoethnobotany
  • East Asian archaeology

Background:

  • Rice (Oryza sativa) is a global staple food, but its domestication history is debated.
  • Understanding rice origins is crucial for human history and agricultural development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the early history of rice growth, exploitation, and domestication.
  • To provide evidence for the timeline of rice development in East Asia.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of rice phytoliths from Shangshan and Hehuashan archaeological sites in China.
  • Radiocarbon dating and paleoenvironmental reconstruction.

Main Results:

  • Wild rice growth documented at least 100,000 years ago.
  • Initial exploitation of wild rice dated to approximately 24,000 years ago.
  • Predomestication cultivation identified around 13,000 years ago, with domestication occurring by 11,000 years ago.

Conclusions:

  • Rice domestication in East Asia was a protracted process spanning millennia.
  • This study extends the known timeline of cereal evolution beyond the Fertile Crescent.
  • Findings illuminate the complex relationship between humans and rice cultivation in ancient China.