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Diana A Liao1, Katharina F Brecht1, Lena Veit2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Crows can produce a specific number of vocalizations (one to four) based on cues, demonstrating numerical abilities and vocal control. Their vocalizations suggest planning and error detection during counting.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive ethology
  • Animal communication
  • Comparative psychology

Background:

  • Producing purposeful vocalizations requires numerical skills and vocal control.
  • The existence of such abilities in non-human animals remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether crows possess the capacity for flexible, numerically-guided vocal production.
  • To determine if crows can associate arbitrary cues with specific vocalization counts.

Main Methods:

  • Crows were presented with arbitrary visual cues linked to numerical values (one to four).
  • Vocalizations produced by crows in response to cues were recorded and analyzed.
  • Acoustic features of individual vocalizations and sequences were examined to infer cognitive processes.

Main Results:

  • Crows flexibly produced sequences of one to four vocalizations corresponding to presented cues.
  • Acoustic properties of the initial vocalization predicted the total sequence length, suggesting planning.
  • Acoustic features of vocal units indicated their position in the sequence and revealed counting errors.

Conclusions:

  • Crows exhibit sophisticated numerical abilities and vocal control, enabling them to produce purposeful vocalizations.
  • The findings suggest crows engage in planning and error monitoring during vocal sequence production, akin to counting.