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Maternal Thyroid Function in Early Pregnancy and Offspring School Performance and Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Line Tang Møllehave1, Mia Klinten Grand2, Margit Kriegbaum2

  • 1Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|May 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Maternal thyroid hormone levels in early pregnancy did not impact children's school performance or their risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study found no significant associations. Keywords: maternal thyroid hormones, pregnancy, child development, ADHD, ASD.

Keywords:
attention deficit hyperactivity disorderautism spectrum disorderneurodevelopmentpregnancythyroid function

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones are essential for fetal neural development.
  • The fetus is entirely dependent on maternal thyroid hormones during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between first-trimester maternal thyroid hormone levels and children's academic achievement.
  • To investigate the association between maternal thyroid hormone levels and the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Copenhagen Primary Care Laboratory Pregnancy Database, linking maternal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine measurements with child outcomes.
  • Employed linear mixed models and Cox regression to assess associations, with analyses stratified by pre-existing maternal thyroid conditions.
  • Included 17,909 mother-child dyads for ADHD and ASD risk analysis, and 6,126 for school performance analysis.

Main Results:

  • No association was found between first-trimester maternal thyroid hormone levels and children's standardized school test scores.
  • Maternal thyroid hormone levels in early pregnancy showed no association with the risk of ADHD or ASD in children.
  • Stratifying analyses by pre-existing maternal thyroid disorders did not alter the observed results.

Conclusions:

  • This study found no evidence linking first-trimester maternal thyroid hormone levels to children's school performance.
  • No association was identified between maternal thyroid hormone levels during early pregnancy and the risk of ADHD or ASD.
  • These findings suggest maternal thyroid function in early pregnancy may not be a significant factor for these specific neurodevelopmental outcomes.