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Antimicrobial Proteins

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Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics Workflow for Discovery-Driven Host-Pathogen Interactions
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Metals at the Host-Fungal Pathogen Battleground.

Ritu Garg1, Marika S David1, Shuyi Yang1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;

Annual Review of Microbiology
|May 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Host immune systems and fungal pathogens engage in a battle over essential metals like iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn). Understanding this metal interplay could lead to novel antifungal therapies.

Keywords:
copperfungal pathogenimmunityironmanganesezinc

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Fungal infections pose a significant public health threat, exacerbated by multidrug-resistant strains.
  • The host immune system utilizes transition metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn) as weapons against fungal pathogens.
  • These metals are essential nutrients but toxic in excess, creating a double-edged sword for the host.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the host-fungal pathogen interactions involving iron, copper, zinc, and manganese.
  • To explore how fungi adapt to host-driven metal modulation.
  • To provide perspectives for future research and the development of metal-based antifungals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on metal homeostasis in host-pathogen interactions.
  • Analysis of fungal adaptation mechanisms related to metal transport, storage, and cofactor utilization.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on the roles of Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn in antifungal immunity.

Main Results:

  • Hosts strategically withhold or provide toxic doses of metals to combat fungal infections.
  • Fungal pathogens exhibit sophisticated strategies to manage metal availability, including transport and storage.
  • Fungi utilize metals as essential cofactors for critical enzymes, adapting to host challenges.

Conclusions:

  • The dynamic interplay between host metals and fungal adaptation is crucial in infectious diseases.
  • Targeting metal metabolism in fungi presents a promising avenue for novel antifungal drug development.
  • Further research into host-metal-fungi interactions could revolutionize antifungal strategies.