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Updated: May 11, 2026

Real-time fMRI Biofeedback Targeting the Orbitofrontal Cortex for Contamination Anxiety
Published on: January 20, 2012
A case series evaluation of the Fearless Me! © program for children with intellectual disabilities and anxiety
Anastasia Hronis1, Jichun Hao1, Rachel Roberts2
1Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.
Objectives:
Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) have high rates of mental health disorders, particularly anxiety disorders. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) has largely remained unexamined as a treatment option for this population. Fearless Me! © is an adapted CBT treatment program specifically designed for children and adolescents with ID.
Method:
Eleven children, aged between eight and 17, completed 10 therapy sessions. Measures of anxiety were completed pre and posttreatment and at 3 and 12-month follow-ups by both the children and parents.
Results:
Six children reported significant reductions in anxiety, with all showing significant reductions in parent-reported child anxiety at either posttreatment assessment, 3-month follow-up, or 12-month follow-up. Results varied across the six children as all parents reported heightened anxiety, but not all children reported high levels of anxiety for themselves.
Conclusion:
Overall, this evaluation provides a sound basis for continued investigation and research into the use of the Fearless Me! © modified CBT program to treat children with ID and anxiety.
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