Musculoskeletal disorders in neonatal foals

Area of Science:

• Equine orthopedics
• Veterinary medicine
• Foal development

Background:

• Angular limb deformities are common in foals, with varying causes and severity.
• Incomplete ossification, epiphyseal/metaphyseal abnormalities, and flexor contractures contribute to limb deformities.
• Septic arthritis and neonatal osteomyelitis are serious conditions requiring aggressive treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the diagnosis and treatment of common musculoskeletal disorders in foals.
• To highlight the importance of early and appropriate therapeutic interventions.
• To discuss management strategies for angular limb deformities, contractures, and infections.

Main Methods:

• Review of diagnostic approaches for foal musculoskeletal conditions.
• Discussion of conservative treatments including splinting, casting, physical therapy, and hoof trimming.
• Overview of surgical interventions such as periosteal transection and transphyseal bridging.
• Emphasis on prompt treatment for septic arthritis and osteomyelitis.

Main Results:

• Mild angular deviations often resolve spontaneously, while severe cases may require external support or surgery.
• Flexor contractures and tendon laxity are managed with physical therapy, splinting, or surgery.
• Rotational abnormalities are corrected via hoof trimming, more easily in forelimbs.
• Aggressive treatment for septic arthritis and osteomyelitis is vital, though prognosis can be poor.

Conclusions:

• Early accurate diagnosis and prompt, appropriate therapy are essential for successful outcomes in foals with musculoskeletal disorders.
• Treatment choice depends on the specific condition, severity, and affected structures.
• The ultimate goal is to restore function, enabling the foal to become a competitive athlete.