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Updated: May 7, 2026

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model

Published on: October 5, 2009

Four-Level Cervical Disc Arthroplasty.

Hsuan-Kan Chang^1,2,3, Chih-Chang Chang^1,2, Tsung-Hsi Tu^1,2

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

International Journal of Spine Surgery

|May 23, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Four-level cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) offers a safe and effective surgical option for select patients, improving clinical outcomes and preserving motion. This procedure is particularly suitable for individuals with mild cervical spondylosis and disc herniations.

Keywords:

anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF)cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA)four-level multi-level range of motion (ROM)

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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model

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Published on: October 5, 2009

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

Published on: August 6, 2019

Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Orthopedic Surgery
Spine Surgery

Background:

Multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) carries higher risks of pseudarthrosis and reoperation compared to single-level procedures.
Cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) offers a motion-preserving alternative for multilevel cervical spondylosis.
Four-level CDA is a less common but potentially valuable surgical option.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of four-level cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA).
To assess the safety and efficacy of four-level CDA in a highly selected patient group.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing four-level CDA.
Inclusion criteria: medically refractory symptomatic cervical spondylotic myelopathy/radiculopathy with multilevel disc herniations and mild spondylosis.
Assessment of clinical outcomes, global/segmental range of motion (ROM) at C3-7, and complications.

Main Results:

Twenty patients (mean age 56) with a mean follow-up of 34 months showed improved clinical outcomes post-surgery.
Global and segmental ROM at C3-7 were preserved and trended towards an increase (35° to 37°).
One case of permanent C5 radiculopathy occurred; no other neurological issues or reoperations were reported.

Conclusions:

Four-level CDA is a safe and effective procedure for specific indications, yielding clinical improvement and preserving segmental motion.
This surgery is well-suited for patients with multilevel disc herniations and mild cervical spondylosis.
Low complication rates support four-level CDA as a viable option for carefully selected patients.