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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

4.1K
Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells
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Skin Cancer Precursors: From Cancer Genomics to Early Diagnosis.

Madison M Taylor1, Kelly C Nelson2, Florentia Dimitriou3

  • 1John P. and Kathrine G. McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit 1452, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

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Summary

This study reviews skin cancer development, covering melanoma and keratinocyte carcinomas. It details progression models, genetic changes, and immune system roles in cutaneous malignancy risk.

Keywords:
Basal cell carcinomaCutaneous squamous cell carcinomaInitiationMelanomaProgressionSolid organ transplant recipients

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Skin cancers, including melanoma and keratinocyte carcinomas, represent a growing global health concern.
  • Effective prevention and treatment rely on accurate risk stratification and early detection to improve patient outcomes and reduce morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the fundamental concepts driving skin cancer initiation and progression.
  • To present precursor and progression models for melanoma and keratinocyte carcinomas.
  • To examine the role of genetic alterations and immune dysregulation in cutaneous malignancy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of key concepts in skin cancer development.
  • Analysis of precursor and progression models for melanoma and keratinocyte carcinomas.
  • Discussion of genetic alterations and immunoediting in skin cancer pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Identified key concepts underlying skin cancer initiation and progression.
  • Outlined precursor and progression models for melanoma and keratinocyte carcinomas.
  • Discussed genetic alterations at various stages of cancer development.
  • Highlighted the significance of immunoediting and immune dysregulation in increasing skin cancer risk.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding skin cancer initiation and progression is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.
  • Genetic alterations and immune status significantly influence the development and progression of cutaneous malignancies.
  • Further research into immunoediting and immune dysregulation may offer new therapeutic targets for skin cancer.