Determination of relative dose of ionizing radiation in the thyroid gland using a panoramic device with different...

The use of panoramic radiography (PR) is a complementary examination to aid in the diagnosis of cases in paediatric dentistry. The lack of specific protocols for these devices, however, can result in high doses of radiation, affecting critical organs such as the thyroid.

To evaluate the discrepancies in ionizing radiation received by the thyroid during PR examinations using anthropomorphic paediatric simulators built from computed tomography images.

Two anthropomorphic paediatric phantoms were printed and used, representing children aged 6 and 11 years, with an opening in the thyroid region for the insertion of dosimetric radiographic films. The simulators were subjected to different pre-existing protocols in the PR devices. The radiographic films were processed and analysed using a luxmeter.

The radiation dose to the thyroid was higher in the 6-year-old phantom than in the 11-year-old phantom, for given exposure factors. In addition, there was an increase in dose in children's protocols compared with small adult protocols.

Therefore, companies that develop PR equipment must develop child protocols for separate age groups that will consequently reduce the radiation dose in children, especially in their critical organs.