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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Functional Assessment of BRCA1 variants using CRISPR-Mediated Base Editors
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[Advances in base editing systems].

Jingli Zhong1, Jianxiang Lin2, Jiankui Zhou1

  • 1School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.

Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese Journal of Biotechnology
|May 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advancements in programmable nucleases, including CRISPR-Cas and TALE systems, have led to the development of versatile base editors for genome editing. This review details their characteristics, applications, and future directions.

Keywords:
base editorclustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated 9 (CRISPR-Cas9)deaminasetranscription activator-like effector (TALE) system

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Programmable nucleases offer high efficiency and specificity for genome editing applications.
  • The demand for precise genetic modifications drives the development of functional base editors.
  • Existing systems include CRISPR-Cas and TALE-derived editors for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of base editing system development.
  • To summarize the characteristics, off-target effects, and optimization strategies of diverse base editors.
  • To offer insights for future improvements and applications in genome editing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on programmable nucleases and base editing systems.
  • Analysis of different base editor types: single, dual, mitochondrial, and CRISPR-related transposases.
  • Evaluation of characteristics, off-target effects, and optimization strategies.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of various base editing systems, including CRISPR-Cas and TALE-derived technologies.
  • Summary of key features, efficiency, and limitations of different base editor classes.
  • Identification of strategies for minimizing off-target effects and enhancing editor performance.

Conclusions:

  • Base editing technology has significantly advanced genome editing capabilities.
  • Continued research is crucial for refining base editor precision, efficiency, and expanding applications.
  • Future directions include developing novel base editors and improving existing ones for broader use.