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Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Optical Trapping of Nanoparticles
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[Detection and analysis technologies for single biological nanoparticles].

Yijie Ding1, Caiyu Li1, Shiyin Zhang1

  • 1National Key Laboratory for the Research and Development of Infectious Disease Vaccines, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.

Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese Journal of Biotechnology
|May 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Nanoscale detection is crucial for studying tiny biological particles like viruses and exosomes, overcoming limitations of traditional methods. This review covers new technologies, their benefits, drawbacks, and future directions for researchers.

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Traditional micron-scale characterization methods struggle with nanoscale biological entities (viruses, exosomes, bacteria, organelles).
  • The small size (e.g., viruses 17 nm, exosomes 30-150 nm) and complex nature of these particles present significant research challenges.
  • Optical microscopy, a conventional technique, has limitations in detecting and analyzing these minute biological structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of emerging nanoscale detection and analysis technologies.
  • To detail the principles, advantages, and limitations of mainstream commercial instruments.
  • To guide researchers in selecting and utilizing advanced nanoscale detection tools.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
biological nanoparticlesbiomarker detectionextracellular vesiclesoptical detectionviruses

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  • Review of principles behind various nanoscale detection technologies.
  • Analysis of commercialized nanotechnology-based instruments for single-particle detection.
  • Comparative assessment of instrument capabilities and functional advantages.

    • Main Results:

    • Nanoscale technologies bridge the gap left by optical microscopy, enabling sensitive detection beyond optical limits.
    • These technologies allow simultaneous revelation of molecular composition and biological roles of nanoscale particles.
    • Several commercial instruments offer complete single-particle detection solutions with unique functionalities.

    Conclusions:

    • Nanoscale detection is essential for advancing research on viruses, exosomes, and other micro-scale biological entities.
    • Ongoing evolution of these technologies presents both opportunities and limitations for researchers.
    • Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of different instruments is key for effective application in scientific discovery.