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Association between low birth weight and impaired glucose tolerance in children: a systematic review and

Jun Ma1, Youfang Wang2, Mengyan Mo3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|May 24, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Low birth weight (LBW) in infants is linked to a higher risk of abnormal glucose tolerance, evidenced by increased HOMA-IR levels. This finding highlights the importance of monitoring metabolic health in children born with LBW.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The relationship between low birth weight (LBW) and impaired glucose tolerance in children is not fully understood, with existing research yielding diverse conclusions.
  • A potential association between normal birth weight (NBW) and the onset of diabetes necessitates further investigation into birth weight's role in glucose metabolism.
  • This study aims to rigorously examine the association between LBW and impaired glucose tolerance in pediatric populations.

Approach:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using data from multiple databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, etc.) from January 2010 to September 2023.
  • Included were 10 clinical control studies with 2971 cases, assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).
  • Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3, adhering to PRISMA guidelines.

Key Points:

  • No significant differences in blood sugar or insulin levels were observed between LBW, NBW, and high birth weight (HBW) infants.
  • LBW infants exhibited significantly higher HOMA-IR levels compared to NBW infants (P < 0.05).
  • The risk of abnormal glucose tolerance was 0.42 times higher in LBW infants than in NBW and HBW infants (P = 0.01).

Conclusions:

  • Low birth weight (LBW) is associated with an increased risk of abnormal glucose tolerance in children.
  • Elevated HOMA-IR levels in LBW infants compared to NBW and HBW infants indicate a higher risk.
  • Further research is recommended to elucidate the complex relationship between LBW and impaired glucose tolerance in pediatric populations.
Abstract

Keywords:
abnormal glucose tolerancediabeteslow birth weightmeta-analysisnewborn

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