Mediastinal liposarcoma: Case report with radiology review

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pathology
• Thoracic Surgery

Background:

• De-differentiated primary mediastinal liposarcomas are exceptionally rare, representing less than 1% of all liposarcoma cases.
• These tumors present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to their location and potential for aggressive growth.

Observation:

• An 82-year-old male presented with progressive dysphagia, dyspnea, and dysphonia.
• Imaging revealed a large, heterogeneously enhancing posterior mediastinal mass with extension into the neck, compressing vital structures like the trachea and esophagus.

Findings:

• The mediastinal mass was successfully treated with surgical resection.
• Adjuvant radiation therapy was administered post-operatively.

Implications:

• This case highlights the importance of considering rare neoplasms in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal masses.
• Multidisciplinary management, including surgery and adjuvant therapy, can lead to favorable outcomes for de-differentiated primary mediastinal liposarcoma.