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Blood Pressure Control among Adults with Hypertension at a Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia
Binyam Barega1, Lissane Seifu2, Addisu Melkie2
1Department of Internal Medicine, Ras Desta Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Insights
Poor blood pressure control affects many patients with hypertension. Factors like age, income, inactivity, chronic kidney disease, and home monitoring influence hypertension management. Optimizing treatment is crucial for this high-risk group.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Uncontrolled hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality.
- Despite available treatments, global hypertension control rates remain suboptimal.
- This study addresses the need to understand hypertension control levels and associated factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the level of blood pressure control among hypertensive patients.
- To identify factors associated with poor blood pressure control in this population.
Main Methods:
- A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital.
- 369 randomly selected hypertensive patients participated.
- Data were collected via a structured questionnaire, and multivariate binary logistic regression analyzed determinants of blood pressure control.
Main Results:
- Over two-thirds (60.2%) of patients had uncontrolled blood pressure.
- Key factors associated with poor control included increasing age, higher household income, physical inactivity, and chronic kidney disease.
- Conversely, using home blood pressure monitoring was associated with better control.
Conclusions:
- The study found suboptimal blood pressure control rates in hypertensive patients.
- Age, income, physical activity, chronic kidney disease, and home blood pressure monitoring are significant predictors of control.
- Effective strategies are needed to optimize hypertension management in high-risk individuals.
Background:
Uncontrolled hypertension is a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Despite the availability of several effective blood pressure lowering drugs, hypertension control rates remain poor globally. This study aimed to define the level of blood pressure control and to determine the factors associated with poor hypertension control.
Methods:
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2019 at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital among randomly selected 369 patients with hypertension. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to identify determinants of blood pressure control.
Results:
The mean (SD) age of the study participants was 55.5 (13.2) years; 188 (50.9%) were males and 28 (7.6%) were active smokers. More than half of the patients (56.0%) were overweight or obese. The most commonly identified comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (48.0%), dyslipidemia (50.9%), and chronic kidney disease (56.1%). The mean (SD) systolic blood pressure was 140.6 (22) mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure was 85.8 (14) mmHg. About two-thirds of the patients (60.2%) had uncontrolled blood pressure. The factors associated with poor blood pressure control with an AOR (95% CI) were increasing age: 1.05 (1.00-1.11), increasing household income: 1.25 (1.04-1.49), being physically inactive: 7.64 (1.14-51.13), chronic kidney disease: 5.36 (1.14-5.16), and use of home blood pressure monitoring: 0.31 (0.102-0.94).
Conclusion:
The rate of blood pressure control in patients with hypertension was suboptimal. Age, household income, level of physical activity, chronic kidney disease, and use of home blood pressure monitoring were independent predictors of blood pressure control. It is important to optimize the treatment of hypertension in this high-risk group by implementing effective strategies.
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