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Updated: Jun 25, 2025

The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
Published on: July 11, 2013
The role of smoking in psoriasis
Francesco Laguardia1, Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek2, Paolo Maggi3
1Department of Precision Medicine, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
Abstract:
Psoriasis has a clear and strong connection with smoking in both its pathogenesis and clinical course. Smoking can cause a serious worsening of both the disease itself and the systemic complications such as cardiovascular events, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), cancer and depression. Smoking also seems to alter the gut microbiota and thus promote psoriasis itself. The aim of our article is to review all the most interesting discoveries on its role and thus provide a good picture of the current state of knowledge. Furthermore, we provide some alternative and healthier coping mechanisms for stress and depression related to the disease such as exercise, meditation, balneotherapy and acupuncture.
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