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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

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Family Functioning and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Gifted Children.

Maria Assunta Zanetti1, Tommaso Trombetta2, Luca Rollè2

  • 1Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.

European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education
|May 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Rigid family dynamics are linked to increased internalizing and externalizing problems in gifted children. Interventions promoting family flexibility may be beneficial for this population.

Keywords:
FACES-IVchild behavior checklistexternalizing problemsfamily functioninggifted childreninternalizing problems

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Child Development
  • Family Studies

Background:

  • Gifted children exhibit high cognitive abilities but may face socioemotional challenges.
  • Family functioning is a critical factor influencing the well-being of gifted children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between family functioning, using Olson's circumplex model, and socioemotional problems in gifted children.
  • To identify specific aspects of family dynamics that contribute to internalizing and externalizing problems in gifted youth.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 362 gifted children and their mothers.
  • Mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales IV (FACES IV) focusing on disengagement, enmeshment, rigidity, and chaos.
  • Children's cognitive abilities were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV).

Main Results:

  • Family rigidity was significantly associated with increased internalizing problems in gifted children, explaining 5.6% of the variance.
  • Family rigidity also independently predicted externalizing problems in gifted children, accounting for 10% of the variance.
  • Disengagement, enmeshment, and chaos in family functioning were not significantly associated with either internalizing or externalizing problems.

Conclusions:

  • Rigid family environments, characterized by a low capacity for adaptation, are associated with a higher risk of both internalizing and externalizing problems in gifted children.
  • Findings suggest that interventions aimed at enhancing family flexibility could be a valuable approach to support gifted children's socioemotional development.
  • Further research is recommended to validate these preliminary findings on family functioning and its impact on gifted children.