Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Laboratory Techniques Used to Maintain and Differentiate Biotypes of Vibrio cholerae Clinical and Environmental Isolates
Published on: May 30, 2017
Camel Milk Resistome in Kuwait: Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization
Rita Rahmeh1, Abrar Akbar1, Batlah Almutairi1
1Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes were found in dromedary camel milk, posing a health risk. This highlights the need for improved hygiene in handling and selling raw camel milk to prevent ARG transmission.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Food Safety
- Public Health
Background:
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global health and economic challenge.
- Concerns exist regarding AMR in food products and potential transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to the human gut.
- Dromedary camel milk is a potential source of ARGs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the antibiotic resistance profile and ARGs in dromedary camel milk.
- To assess the potential for ARG transmission.
- To evaluate the public health implications of consuming raw camel milk.
Main Methods:
- Shotgun sequencing was employed to identify ARGs in camel milk bacteria.
- In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on bacterial isolates.
- Eight pooled camel milk samples from retail stores in Kuwait were analyzed.
Main Results:
- ARGs conferring resistance to 18 antibiotic classes were detected, with high prevalence against fluoroquinolones and disinfectants.
- Mobile genetic elements indicated potential ARG transmission between bacteria.
- 80% of isolates showed resistance to multiple antibiotics, including penicillin, tetracyclines, and carbapenems.
- Multidrug-resistant pathogens such as *Klebsiella pneumoniae* and *Escherichia coli* were identified.
Conclusions:
- Dromedary camel milk harbors significant ARGs and multidrug-resistant bacteria.
- Handling and consumption of raw camel milk present potential human health risks.
- Enhanced farm and retail hygiene practices are crucial to control ARG prevalence and transmission.
More Related Videos
08:58Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes
Published on: March 3, 2023
04:16Individualized Reconstitution of Human Milk Microbiota: A Feasible Approach in Real-World Settings
Published on: February 7, 2025
Related Concept Videos
Epistasis
Pleiotropy
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase
Production of Pharmaceuticals