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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
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Aberrant Cardiac Interoception in Psychosis.

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Individuals with psychotic disorders show impaired cardiac interoception, specifically misestimating their heart rate. This deficit is distinct from general perceptual abilities and may offer new treatment avenues.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Cardiac interoception (heartbeat perception) is crucial for emotional experiences.
  • Interoceptive dysfunction is hypothesized to underlie psychosis symptoms.
  • This study investigates specific cardiac interoception deficits in psychotic disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that individuals with psychotic disorders have impaired cardiac interoception.
  • To determine if this impairment is specific to interoception or a broader perceptual deficit.

Main Methods:

  • 43 adults with psychosis history and 41 controls performed a heart rate discrimination task.
  • Participants judged auditory tone rates against their own heart rate.
  • An exteroceptive control task assessed auditory discrimination independently of heart rate.

Main Results:

  • Participants with psychosis history exhibited significantly larger errors in heart rate estimation.
  • This cardiac interoception deficit was specific and not observed in the exteroceptive control task.
  • Findings indicate a specific impairment in perceiving one's own heart rate in psychotic disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Psychotic disorders are linked to inaccurate heart rate perception (interoceptive misestimation).
  • This interoceptive abnormality may contribute to psychosis symptoms like delusions and affective disturbances.
  • Cardiac interoception could be a potential therapeutic target for psychotic disorders.