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The relationship between BDNF and physical activity on depression.

Juan Antonio Zarza-Rebollo1, Elena López-Isac1, Margarita Rivera1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18071 Granada, Spain.

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Physical activity may improve depression symptoms, potentially influenced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its Val66Met gene variant. Further research is needed to clarify these complex interactions.

Keywords:
Brain-derived neurotrophic factorMajor depressionPhysical activitySystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a significant global health issue.
  • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a role in neuronal plasticity and MDD.
  • Physical activity (PA) is known to alleviate depressive symptoms, with BDNF implicated in this effect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the relationship between the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, BDNF protein levels, PA, and MDD.
  • To examine how genetic variations in BDNF interact with PA in the context of depression.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Inclusion of original articles and systematic reviews with observational and experimental designs.
  • Analysis of studies evaluating BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and BDNF protein levels in relation to PA and MDD.

Main Results:

  • Six studies on the Val66Met polymorphism suggest PA's impact on depression is genotype-dependent.
  • Thirteen studies on BDNF levels showed inconsistent results due to heterogeneity in intervention design, sample size, and bias.
  • Evidence indicates a potential role for BDNF in the PA-MDD interaction.

Conclusions:

  • Cumulative evidence supports BDNF's role in the interplay between PA and MDD.
  • Highlights the need for more homogeneous and standardized research criteria.
  • Identifies confounding factors crucial for future robust study designs.