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Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
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Desmosomes01:05

Desmosomes

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The term desmosome derives from the Greek words "desmo" and "soma" meaning "adhesion bodies." This structure was first observed during the late 1800s and described as small, dense nodules in the epidermis. Desmosomes are button-like structures that help form an interlinked network of intermediate filaments across the cells. These junctions are  essential to hold cells together under mechanical stress and to maintain tissue integrity. Desmosomes are multi-protein...
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Joints01:26

Joints

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Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
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Lisfranc Injuries.

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Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device
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Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

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Syndesmotic Injuries.

Mark H Hofbauer1, Sriya S Babu1

  • 1WVU Medicine, 10 Medical Park Road Suite 203, Wheeling, WV 26003, USA.

Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery
|May 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Syndesmotic ankle injuries require careful diagnosis to avoid missed fractures. Accurate grading and imaging, including MRI, guide treatment for functional or mechanical instability.

Keywords:
AnkleAnkle instabilityHigh sprainSprainSyndesmosis

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Traumatology

Background:

  • Syndesmotic ankle injuries are complex, often associated with fractures, and prone to misdiagnosis, especially posterior malleolus fractures.
  • Overlooking these injuries can lead to chronic pain and instability.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges of syndesmotic ankle injuries.
  • To outline appropriate diagnostic and grading methods.
  • To discuss current treatment strategies and ongoing debates in surgical fixation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical examination techniques, including palpation for high fibular and anterior tibia tenderness.
  • Discussion of initial imaging (three-view ankle radiographs) and advanced imaging (stress radiographs, MRI).
  • Analysis of conservative versus surgical treatment indications based on functional and mechanical instability.

Main Results:

  • Thorough physical examination is key to identifying syndesmotic injuries.
  • Initial radiographic views may miss associated fractures; stress views and MRI improve diagnostic accuracy.
  • Treatment success depends on correctly identifying and grading the injury severity.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of syndesmotic ankle injuries relies on a combination of clinical examination and appropriate imaging.
  • Grading systems aid in determining the severity and guiding treatment decisions.
  • Surgical fixation methods for syndesmotic injuries remain a topic of ongoing research and debate.