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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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The Role of MicroRNAs in HIV Infection.

Nicolas Morando1, Mara Cecilia Rosenzvit2,3, Maria A Pando1

  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina.

Genes
|May 25, 2024
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) significantly impact Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection by regulating viral replication and host immunity. Understanding these roles offers new avenues for HIV diagnostics and therapeutics.

Keywords:
HIVHIV miRNAsMicroRNA regulationMicroRNAsmiRNA diagnosticsmiRNA therapeutics

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • miRNAs are crucial in biological processes and implicated in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pathogenesis.
  • The interplay between miRNAs and HIV is complex, influencing viral replication and host response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse roles of miRNAs in HIV infection and pathogenesis.
  • To explore miRNA mechanisms in regulating HIV replication and host factors.
  • To assess miRNA involvement in immune response and disease progression in HIV.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current research on miRNAs and HIV.
  • Analysis of mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate HIV replication (direct/indirect).
  • Examination of HIV-mediated modulation of miRNA expression and its impact.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs directly target viral transcripts and modulate host factors essential for HIV replication.
  • HIV infection alters cellular miRNA expression via viral proteins and cellular pathways.
  • miRNAs significantly impact immune responses and disease progression in HIV-infected individuals.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs are key regulators of the host-virus interaction in HIV infection.
  • miRNAs hold potential as biomarkers for HIV diagnosis and prognosis.
  • miRNAs present promising therapeutic targets for HIV treatment and prevention.