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Deep Brain Stimulation for Primary Refractory Tinnitus: A Systematic Review.

Landon Basner1,2, Jasper V Smit3,4, Daniel M Zeitler5

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Brain Sciences
|May 25, 2024
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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) shows promise for treating severe tinnitus when other options fail. Early studies suggest it is safe and effective, but more research is needed for widespread use.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neurological Surgery
  • Otolaryngology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Tinnitus is a prevalent and often debilitating condition with limited effective treatments.
  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established therapy for neurological disorders, now being explored for severe tinnitus.
  • This review examines the safety and efficacy of DBS for refractory tinnitus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the current evidence on the safety and efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for treating refractory tinnitus.
  • To identify and analyze studies investigating DBS targeting non-cortical structures for tinnitus management.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE.
  • Peer-reviewed studies on DBS for tinnitus treatment were identified.
  • Three studies (including two related sub-studies) met the inclusion criteria.

Main Results:

  • Seven patients receiving DBS for tinnitus were analyzed.
  • DBS targets included the nucleus accumbens (NAc), ventral anterior limb of the internal capsule (vALIC), caudate nucleus, and medial geniculate body (MGB).
  • Significant improvements in Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) scores were observed, with the highest reported for MGB (59 points) and NAc/vALIC (46.8 points).

Conclusions:

  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) presents a promising therapeutic option for individuals with refractory subjective tinnitus.
  • Preliminary data from small patient cohorts indicate that DBS is both safe and effective.
  • Larger-scale studies are necessary to confirm these findings and guide clinical implementation.