Electroencephalogram-Based ConvMixer Architecture for Recognizing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in

Min Feng1,2, Juncai Xu3

  • 1Nanjing Rehabilitation Medical Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.

Brain Sciences
|May 25, 2024
PubMed

Insights

A new deep learning model, ConvMixer-ECA, accurately diagnoses Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) using EEG signals. This AI tool shows promise for early ADHD detection in children.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder affecting 5-10% of school-aged children globally.
  • Early diagnosis and intervention are critical for improving patient and family quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce ConvMixer-ECA, a novel deep learning architecture for accurate ADHD diagnosis using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of ConvMixer-ECA compared to existing deep learning models and attention-based variants.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of the ConvMixer-ECA deep learning model, integrating ConvMixer with Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) blocks.
  • Training and evaluation using EEG recordings from 60 healthy children and 61 children diagnosed with ADHD.
  • Performance comparison with state-of-the-art models (EEGNet, CNN, RNN, LSTM, GRU) and t-SNE visualization for feature analysis.

Main Results:

  • ConvMixer-ECA achieved a high accuracy of 94.52% in recognizing ADHD from EEG data.
  • The integration of ECA significantly enhanced ConvMixer's performance, outperforming other attention-based models.
  • ConvMixer-ECA demonstrated superior performance compared to established deep learning architectures.

Conclusions:

  • ConvMixer-ECA effectively captures distinguishing patterns between ADHD and typically developing individuals through hierarchical feature learning.
  • The proposed model shows significant potential as a valuable tool for assisting clinicians in the early diagnosis and intervention of ADHD in children.