Transient Left Ventricular Dysfunction from Cardiomyopathies to Myocardial Viability: When and Why Cardiac Function
Giancarlo Trimarchi1, Lucio Teresi1, Roberto Licordari2
1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology Unit, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy.
Biomedicines
|May 25, 2024
Summary
Transient left ventricular dysfunction (TLVD) is an underdiagnosed condition with diverse causes, including stress, CNS injury, and MINOCA. Recognizing these varied etiologies is key for accurate diagnosis and improved patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Internal Medicine
- Pathophysiology
Background:
- Transient left ventricular dysfunction (TLVD) is a reversible impairment of heart function, often underdiagnosed and contributing to significant morbidity and mortality.
- While atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is well-studied, the diverse causes of TLVD necessitate greater clinical attention for diagnosis and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of the various ischemic and non-ischemic conditions leading to TLVD.
- To enhance clinical approaches by detailing conditions associated with TLVD and factors influencing prognosis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of conditions causing TLVD.
- Synthesis of information on clinical presentations, diagnostic predictors, and prognostic factors.
Main Results:
- TLVD encompasses stress-induced cardiomyopathy, CNS injuries, inflammatory diseases, pregnancy-related conditions, and genetic syndromes.
- Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) etiologies like coronary spasm, thromboembolism, and SCAD can also present as TLVD.
- Key conditions include Tako-Tsubo Syndrome (TTS), Kounis syndrome (KS), Myocarditis, Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM), and Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC).
Conclusions:
- Differentiating the causes of TLVD is critical due to distinct clinical predictors, instrumental findings, and genetic factors.
- Understanding these elements impacts patient outcomes and the potential for left ventricular function recovery.
- This review aims to improve clinical management by highlighting the broad spectrum of TLVD etiologies and their prognostic implications.
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