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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Long Non-Coding RNAs in Sjögren's Disease.

Ondřej Pastva1,2, Kerstin Klein1,2

  • 1Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Long, non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) show aberrant expression in Sjögren's disease (SjD), a condition causing dryness and fatigue. This review explores lncRNAs' roles in SjD, including immune regulation and potential as biomarkers.

Keywords:
Sjögren’s diseaseautoimmunityinflammationlong non-coding RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Sjögren's disease (SjD) is an autoimmune disorder causing mucosal dryness, fatigue, and pain.
  • Key features include salivary/lacrimal gland inflammation, auto-antibodies, and extra-glandular issues.
  • Aberrant expression of long, non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is noted in autoimmune diseases, including SjD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on lncRNAs in Sjögren's disease.
  • To explore the role of lncRNAs in SjD pathogenesis.
  • To identify the potential of lncRNAs as biomarkers for SjD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on lncRNAs and Sjögren's disease.
  • Analysis of lncRNA involvement in immune regulation.
  • Investigation of lncRNA functions in X chromosome inactivation.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs are aberrantly expressed in Sjögren's disease.
  • lncRNAs play roles in immune modulation and X chromosome inactivation.
  • lncRNAs show potential as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for SjD.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are implicated in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's disease.
  • Further research into lncRNAs could lead to novel SjD diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.