Regulation of T Lymphocyte Functions through Calcium Signaling Modulation by Nootkatone

Recent advancements in understanding the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying immunological responses have underscored the critical involvement of ion channels in regulating calcium influx, particularly in inflammation. Nootkatone, a natural sesquiterpenoid found in Alpinia oxyphylla and various citrus species, has gained attention for its diverse pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to elucidate the potential of nootkatone in modulating ion channels associated with calcium signaling, particularly CRAC, K_V1.3, and K_Ca3.1 channels, which play pivotal roles in immune cell activation and proliferation. Using electrophysiological techniques, we demonstrated the inhibitory effects of nootkatone on CRAC, K_V1.3, and K_Ca3.1 channels in HEK293T cells overexpressing respective channel proteins. Nootkatone exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of channel currents, with IC₅₀ values determined for each channel. Nootkatone treatment did not significantly affect cell viability, indicating its potential safety for therapeutic applications. Furthermore, we observed that nootkatone treatment attenuated calcium influx through activated CRAC channels and showed anti-proliferative effects, suggesting its role in regulating inflammatory T cell activation. These findings highlight the potential of nootkatone as a natural compound for modulating calcium signaling pathways by targeting related key ion channels and it holds promise as a novel therapeutic agent for inflammatory disorders.