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Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview

Carboxylic acid derivatives are formed by replacing the hydroxyl group of carboxylic acids with a different functional group. The most common carboxylic acid derivatives are:

Reactions of Carboxylic Acids: Introduction

Reactions of Carboxylic Acids: Introduction

Carboxylic acids possess an acidic –COOH functional group. The acidity can be attributed to the resonance stabilization of their conjugate base, wherein the negative charge is delocalized over both oxygen atoms.

Conjugate Addition to α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds

Conjugate Addition to α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds

α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds are molecules bearing a carbonyl and alkene functionality in conjugation with each other. The conjugation in the molecule leads to three resonance structures. The hybrid form exhibits two probable electrophilic sites: the carbonyl carbon and the β carbon.

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis

Malonic ester synthesis is a method to obtain α substituted carboxylic acids from ꞵ-diesters such as diethyl malonate and alkyl halides.

Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Overview

Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Overview

There are various methods for the preparation of carboxylic acids. For example, oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes using strong oxidizing agents results in a carboxylic acid. Aldehydes can also be oxidized in the presence of mild oxidizing agents.

Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Carboxylation of Grignard Reagents

Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Carboxylation of Grignard Reagents

Carboxylic acids can be prepared by the carboxylation of Grignard reagents (RMgX). This method is convenient for converting alkyl (primary, secondary or tertiary), vinyl, benzyl, and aryl halides to carboxylic acids with one additional carbon than the starting RMgX.

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Coordinative Compounds Based on Unsaturated Carboxylate with Versatile Biological Applications.

Gina Vasile Scaeteanu¹, Mihaela Badea², Rodica Olar²

¹Department of Soil Sciences, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 59 Mărăști Str., 011464 Bucharest, Romania.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

|May 25, 2024

Summary

This review explores coordinative compounds with unsaturated carboxylates, highlighting their potential as antimicrobial and antitumor agents. These metal-containing polymers show promise for medical applications, including inhibiting resistant microbes and cancer cells.

Keywords:

N-based heterocycle biofilm complex planktonic resistance unsaturated carboxylate

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Area of Science:

Coordination Chemistry
Materials Science
Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

Unsaturated carboxylates and N-based ligands form coordinative compounds with significant biological interest.
Some metal-containing polymers derived from these compounds exhibit valuable antimicrobial and antitumor activities.
Interest is driven by potential applications in medicine, particularly against resistant strains and cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in the synthesis, structure, and biological applications of unsaturated carboxylate-based coordinative compounds.
To highlight the antimicrobial and antitumor properties of these metal-containing species.
To discuss their potential in generating metal-containing polymers for medical use.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on coordinative compounds involving unsaturated carboxylates (acrylate, methacrylate, fumarate, maleate, cinnamate, ferulate, coumarate, itaconate) and metal ions (primarily 3d series).
Analysis of reported synthesis and structural data.
Evaluation of documented biological activities, including antimicrobial, antitumor, DNA intercalation, and ROS scavenging.

Main Results:

Several unsaturated carboxylate-based coordinative compounds demonstrate significant antimicrobial activity, including against resistant strains and biofilms.
Some compounds exhibit potent antitumor activity against resistant cancer cells.
The ability of these species to intercalate into DNA and scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been observed.

Conclusions:

Unsaturated carboxylate-based coordinative compounds represent a promising class of materials for biomedical applications.
Their diverse biological activities, including antimicrobial and antitumor effects, warrant further investigation for therapeutic development.
These compounds offer potential for creating novel metal-containing polymers with tailored medical functionalities.