Identification of Critical Immune Regulators and Potential Interactions of IL-26 in Riemerella anatipestifer-Infected...

Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) is an economically important pathogen in the duck industry worldwide that causes high mortality and morbidity in infected birds. We previously found that upregulated IL-17A expression in ducks infected with RA participates in the pathogenesis of the disease, but this mechanism is not linked to IL-23, which primarily promotes Th17 cell differentiation and proliferation. RNA sequencing analysis was used in this study to investigate other mechanisms of IL-17A upregulation in RA infection. A possible interaction of IL-26 and IL-17 was discovered, highlighting the potential of IL-26 as a novel upstream cytokine that can regulate IL-17A during RA infection. Additionally, this process identified several important pathways and genes related to the complex networks and potential regulation of the host immune response in RA-infected ducks. Collectively, these findings not only serve as a roadmap for our understanding of RA infection and the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches for this disease, but they also provide an opportunity to understand the immune system of ducks.