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Forensic Microbiology: When, Where and How.

Riccardo Nodari1, Milena Arghittu2, Paolo Bailo3

  • 1Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.

Microorganisms
|May 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Forensic microbiology uses advanced detection methods to investigate iatrogenic infections and trace microbial origins in legal cases. This emerging field aids in understanding infectious diseases and reconstructing events in violence and historical contexts.

Keywords:
criminalisticsforensic microbiologymicrobiomepost-mortem

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic microbiology
  • Paleomicrobiology

Background:

  • The rise of iatrogenic infections due to medical advancements (transplants, prosthetics) and antimicrobial resistance presents medico-legal challenges.
  • Advanced molecular techniques enable the detection of minimal microbial traces, including nucleic acids, for forensic analysis.
  • The discipline is expanding beyond traditional applications to include cases of violence and historical investigations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse applications of forensic microbiology.
  • To highlight its role in investigating iatrogenic infections and tracing contagion.
  • To explore its utility in cases of violence and its connection to paleomicrobiology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizes advanced methodologies for microbial detection, identification, and characterization.
  • Employs molecular techniques for analyzing microbial nucleic acids and genomic sequences.
  • Applies these methods to medico-legal investigations, including iatrogenic infections and historical remnants.

Main Results:

  • Forensic microbiology provides crucial insights into the origin and spread of iatrogenic infections.
  • It aids in reconstructing chains of contagion and identifying the source of microorganisms.
  • The discipline offers novel approaches to analyze microbial evidence in violent deaths and historical contexts.

Conclusions:

  • Forensic microbiology is a vital emerging discipline with broad applications in legal and historical investigations.
  • Its advanced techniques are essential for understanding complex infectious disease cases and their medico-legal implications.
  • The field's interdisciplinary nature, including paleomicrobiology, offers unique perspectives on microbial evidence.