Experimental Studies of Fluidized Bed Calcination of Granulated Clay Material

The work presents a detailed analysis of the possibilities of the thermal processing of clay raw material granulates in a fluidized bed reactor powered by coal fuel. Potential customers of calcined granulates include the following: plants producing refractory materials for the steel industry, producers of refractory concrete, sanitaryware plants, tile plants, large-size tile plants, industry abrasives, chemicals, paints, paper, food and medical industries and others. The advantage of the presented fluid bed calcination technology is the possibility of the continuous operation of the reactor and the short time of the material in the bed, compared to the previously used methods of calcination in a shaft and rotary kiln, which lasts less than twenty minutes in the temperature range of 650-850 °C. During the experimental studies of calcination in the fluidized bed layer, the influence of the type of coal, its particle size and the mass share of coal in the feed mixture on the calcination process and the final product obtained was analysed. As a result of the conducted research, it was proven that solid fuels such as anthracite and steam coal type 31.2 (flaming) can be successfully used in the fluidized bed calcination process of clay materials. The key parameter determining the fluidized bed calcination process is the fuel particle distribution.