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Evolution Characterization and Pathogenicity of an NADC34-like PRRSV Isolated from Inner Mongolia, China
Hong-Zhe Zhao1, Chun-Yu Liu2, Hai Meng1
1Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
Viruses
|May 25, 2024
Summary
A new Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) strain, CHNMGKL1-2304, was isolated in Inner Mongolia. This moderately virulent NADC34-like strain causes significant piglet illness but no mortality.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Animal Pathology
Background:
- Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) causes significant global economic losses in the swine industry due to severe reproductive and respiratory effects.
- Emerging PRRSV strains, particularly NADC34-like variants, are of concern due to potential genetic recombination and altered pathogenicity.
- Limited data exists on the characterization and pathogenicity of recent PRRSV strains in Inner Mongolia, China.
Purpose of the Study:
- To isolate and characterize a novel NADC34-like PRRSV strain from Inner Mongolia.
- To determine the pathogenicity of the isolated strain in pigs.
- To provide foundational data for PRRSV epidemiological surveillance and research.
Main Methods:
- Virus isolation and full genome sequencing.
- Phylogenetic analysis to determine genetic lineage and homology.
- Animal inoculation studies to assess clinical signs, morbidity, and mortality.
- Detection of viral nucleic acids in various biological samples (blood, tissues, swabs).
- Histopathological examination (HE staining) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) on affected tissues.
Main Results:
- Successful isolation and characterization of the NADC34-like strain CHNMGKL1-2304 from Inner Mongolia.
- Phylogenetic analysis placed the strain in sublineage 1.5, showing high homology to JS2021NADC34, with no evidence of recombination with other domestic strains.
- Animal experiments demonstrated moderate virulence in piglets, characterized by persistent fever, weight loss, and high morbidity, but no mortality.
- PRRSV nucleic acids were detected widely in blood, tissues, nasal, and fecal samples.
- Significant pathological changes and viral antigen presence were confirmed in lung, lymph node, liver, and spleen tissues.
Conclusions:
- The CHNMGKL1-2304 strain represents a significant NADC34-like PRRSV isolate in Inner Mongolia.
- The strain exhibits moderate pathogenicity in piglets, impacting health and productivity.
- This study provides crucial data for understanding the epidemiology and evolution of PRRSV in China.
