Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

22.6K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
22.6K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

892
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
892
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

2.8K
2.8K
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

5.6K
The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
5.6K
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

8.5K
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
8.5K
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

7.7K
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
7.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The role of sensors for building individual climate resilience and mitigating the impact on health services from extreme weather events such as heatwaves: A perspective review.

The journal of climate change and health·2026
Same author

Advancing Wider Implementation of Multi-regional Clinical Trials in East Asia.

Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science·2026
Same author

Reactogenicity of an Inactivated, Split-Virion Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Infants and Children Aged ≥6 Months to <9 Years.

Vaccines·2025
Same author

Developing and validating a risk prediction model for conversion to type 2 diabetes mellitus in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: protocol for a population-based, data-linkage study.

BMJ open·2025
Same author

Strengthening the Use of International Collaborative Regulatory Assessments and Regulatory Alignment- Implications for Global Convergence.

Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science·2025
Same author

Immunogenicity, Reactogenicity, and Safety of a Pentavalent Meningococcal ABCWY Vaccine in Adolescents and Young Adults Who Had Previously Received a Meningococcal ACWY Vaccine: A Phase 3, Randomized Controlled Clinical Study.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Using Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Chemically Modified mRNA into Mammalian Cells
10:02

Using Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Chemically Modified mRNA into Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 10, 2022

2.1K

The Platform Technology Approach to mRNA Product Development and Regulation.

John H Skerritt1, Carolyn Tucek-Szabo2, Brett Sutton3

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.

Vaccines
|May 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This review advocates for a platform approach to mRNA therapeutics, proposing regulatory modifications to streamline development. This strategy aims to accelerate patient access to novel mRNA medicines and vaccines.

Keywords:
drug developmentmRNAregulationvaccine development

More Related Videos

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles
10:16

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles

Published on: August 17, 2022

3.2K
In Vitro Synthesis of Modified mRNA for Induction of Protein Expression in Human Cells
10:07

In Vitro Synthesis of Modified mRNA for Induction of Protein Expression in Human Cells

Published on: November 13, 2014

25.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Using Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Chemically Modified mRNA into Mammalian Cells
10:02

Using Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Chemically Modified mRNA into Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 10, 2022

2.1K
Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles
10:16

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles

Published on: August 17, 2022

3.2K
In Vitro Synthesis of Modified mRNA for Induction of Protein Expression in Human Cells
10:07

In Vitro Synthesis of Modified mRNA for Induction of Protein Expression in Human Cells

Published on: November 13, 2014

25.0K

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Regulatory Science
  • Pharmaceutical Development

Background:

  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) medicinal products, particularly lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations, represent a versatile platform technology.
  • The established development, manufacturing, and analytical processes for mRNA-LNP products facilitate adaptation across various diseases.
  • Maintaining momentum from the COVID-19 pandemic's mRNA vaccine rollout is crucial for future therapeutic advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose modifications to existing regulatory requirements for mRNA products from a platform perspective.
  • To address the development and regulatory needs for products with varying mRNA sequences and LNP compositions.
  • To outline considerations for novel mRNA modalities, including self-amplifying mRNA, personalized oncology mRNA, and general mRNA therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current regulatory frameworks for mRNA products.
  • Analysis of platform technology principles applied to mRNA development.
  • Identification of necessary data for regulatory submissions across diverse mRNA product types.

Main Results:

  • A proposed set of regulatory modifications based on a platform approach for quality, manufacturing, preclinical, and clinical data.
  • Considerations for regulatory pathways accommodating variations in mRNA sequences and LNP composition.
  • Framework for evaluating self-amplifying mRNA, personalized oncology mRNA, and mRNA therapeutics.

Conclusions:

  • Adopting a platform approach for mRNA therapeutics offers significant benefits, including reduced costs and faster patient access.
  • A predictable regulatory pathway is essential for academic and commercial development of mRNA products.
  • The mRNA platform approach can serve as a model for other therapeutic and vaccine development, enhancing efficiency and regulatory review.