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Investigating the Spatial Accessibility and Coverage of the Pediatric COVID-19 Vaccine: An Ecologic Study of Regional
Amin Bemanian1,2,3, Jonathan F Mosser1,2,3
1Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
Insights
COVID-19 vaccine accessibility and uptake were higher for adolescents (12-17) than younger children (5-11) in King County, WA. Neighborhood education influenced the link between vaccine access and coverage.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated rapid vaccine deployment, posing unique challenges for pediatric populations due to age-specific dosing and authorization timelines.
- Understanding factors influencing pediatric COVID-19 vaccine uptake is crucial for equitable public health strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between spatial accessibility and COVID-19 vaccine uptake among pediatric age groups in King County, WA.
- To identify socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with vaccine accessibility and coverage.
Main Methods:
- Utilized public data on COVID-19 vaccine sites to calculate spatial accessibility using the enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method.
- Performed spatial regression analyses to examine the association between spatial accessibility and ZIP-code-level vaccination rates.
- Assessed the influence of socioeconomic and demographic variables on vaccine accessibility and coverage.
Main Results:
- Adolescents (12-17 years) demonstrated higher rates of vaccine accessibility and coverage compared to younger children (5-11 years).
- Spatial vaccine accessibility showed a positive association with vaccine coverage in both pediatric age groups during univariable analysis.
- Neighborhood educational attainment was found to moderate the relationship between vaccine accessibility and coverage.
Conclusions:
- The E2SFCA method effectively measures COVID-19 vaccine accessibility in a regional context.
- Spatial accessibility and neighborhood educational attainment are significant ecological factors influencing pediatric COVID-19 vaccination rates.
- Findings highlight the need for targeted strategies to address disparities in pediatric vaccine access and uptake.
Abstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic presented the unique challenge of having to deliver novel vaccines during a public health crisis. For pediatric patients, it was further complicated by the delayed timeline for authorizing the vaccine and the differences in dosing/products depending on the patient's age. This paper investigates the relationship between the spatial accessibility and uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine in King County, WA, USA. Public data for COVID-19 vaccine sites were used to calculate spatial accessibility using an enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) technique. Spatial regression analyses were performed to look at the relationship between spatial accessibility and ZIP-code-level vaccination rates. The relationships of these data with other socioeconomic and demographic variables were calculated as well. Higher rates of vaccine accessibility and vaccine coverage were found in adolescent (12- to 17-year-old) individuals relative to school-age (5- to 11-year-old) individuals. Vaccine accessibility was positively associated with coverage in both age groups in the univariable analysis. This relationship was affected by neighborhood educational attainment. This paper demonstrates how measures such as E2SFCA can be used to calculate the accessibility of the COVID-19 vaccine in a region and provides insight into some of the ecological factors that affect COVID-19 vaccination rates.
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