Feasibility Study of Scanning Spectral Imaging Based on a Birefringence Flat Plate

Hyper-spectral imaging (HSI) systems can be divided into two main types as follows: a group of systems that includes a dedicated dispersion/filtering component whose role is to physically separate the different wavelengths and a group of systems that sample all wavelengths in parallel, so that the separation into wavelengths is performed by signal processing (interferometric method). There is a significant advantage to systems of the second type in terms of the integration time required to obtain a signal with a high signal-to-noise ratio since the signal-to-noise ratio of methods based on scanning interferometry (Windowing method) is better compared to methods based on dispersion. The current research deals with the feasibility study of a new concept for an HSI system that is based on scanning interferometry using the "push-broom" method. In this study, we investigated the viability of incorporating a simple birefringent plate into a scanning optical system. By exploiting the motion of the platform on which the system is mounted, we extracted the spectral information of the scanned region. This approach combines the benefits of scanning interferometry with the simplicity of the setup. According to the theory, a chirped cosine-shaped interferogram is obtained for each wavelength due to the nonlinear behavior of the optical path difference of light in the birefringent plate as a function of the angle. An algorithm converts the signal from a superposition of chirped cosine signals to a scaled interferogram such that Fourier transforming (FT) the interferogram retrieves the spectral information. This innovative idea can turn a simple monochrome camera into a hyperspectral camera by adding a relief lens and a birefringent plate.