Application of Silicon Influencing Grain Yield and Some Grain Quality Features in Thai Fragrant Rice

Silicon (Si) is a beneficial nutrient that has been shown to increase rice productivity and grain quality. Fragrant rice occupies the high end of the rice market with prices at twice to more than three times those of non-fragrant rice. Thus, this study evaluated the effects of increasing Si on the yield and quality of fragrant rice. Also measured were the content of proline and the expression of the genes associated with 2AP synthesis and Si transport. The fragrant rice varieties were found to differ markedly in the effect of Si on their quality, as measured by the grain 2AP concentration, while there were only slight differences in their yield response to Si. The varieties with low 2AP when the Si supply is limited are represented by either PTT1 or BNM4 with only slight increases in 2AP when Si was increased. Si affects the gene expression levels of the genes associated with 2AP synthesis, and the accumulation of 2AP in fragrant rice mainly occurred through the upregulation of Badh2, DAO, OAT, ProDH, and P5CS genes. The findings suggest that Si is a potential micronutrient that can be utilized for improving 2AP and grain yield in further aromatic rice breeding programs.