Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.4K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
3.4K
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.3K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
3.3K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.0K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.0K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.1K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.1K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.3K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.3K
Polymers02:34

Polymers

35.7K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
35.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Macromolecules with branched architecture via radical polymerization: Insight from computer simulations.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Chain collapse and dynamics of inhomogeneities in aqueous solutions of poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) and its block copolymers with polyethylene glycol.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

Novel Hydroxyl-Functional Aliphatic CO<sub>2</sub>-Based Polycarbonates: Synthesis and Properties.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Micro-Sized Polymer Hydrogels as Model Microplastics: Interaction with Polycationic Toxins in Solution and Precipitate.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2025
Same author

Effect of Polymer Network Architecture on Adsorption Kinetics at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces: A Comparison Between Poly(NIPAM-co-AA) Copolymer Microgels and Interpenetrating Network Microgels.

Gels (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Redox-Active Water-Soluble Low-Weight and Polymer-Based Anolytes Containing Tetrazine Groups: Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization.

Polymers·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

7.8K

Modern Trends in Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly.

Natalia S Serkhacheva1, Nickolay I Prokopov1, Evgenii A Lysenko2

  • 1Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, pr. Vernadskogo, 86, 119571 Moscow, Russia.

Polymers
|May 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is a versatile method to create block copolymer particles with tunable properties. This review explores PISA techniques, mechanisms, and applications for advanced material design.

Keywords:
AB- and ABC-block copolymersaminoxyl-mediated polymerizationanionic polymerizationatom transfer radical polymerizationdegenerative chain transferdispersion polymerizationemulsion polymerizationgradient copolymersmorphological transitionspolymerization-induced cooperative assemblypolymerization-induced electrostatic self-assemblypolymerization-induced hierarchical self-assemblypolymerization-induced particle self-assemblypolymerization-induced self-assemblypolymerization-induced thermal self-assemblyreversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerizationring-opening polymerizationstimuli-responsive polymers

More Related Videos

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
07:39

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: June 8, 2016

9.5K
Author Spotlight: Exploring Self-Assembled MOF-Polymer Composites
06:48

Author Spotlight: Exploring Self-Assembled MOF-Polymer Composites

Published on: June 14, 2024

1.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

7.8K
Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
07:39

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: June 8, 2016

9.5K
Author Spotlight: Exploring Self-Assembled MOF-Polymer Composites
06:48

Author Spotlight: Exploring Self-Assembled MOF-Polymer Composites

Published on: June 14, 2024

1.7K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Colloid Science

Background:

  • Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is a key technique for synthesizing block copolymer nanoparticles.
  • PISA offers control over particle morphology, functionality, and stimuli-responsiveness.
  • Current PISA methods are adaptable to various conditions and mechanisms, indicating broad commercial potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of rational synthesis strategies for block copolymer particles using PISA.
  • To examine the fundamental principles governing PISA, including thermodynamics, kinetics, and structural aspects.
  • To discuss PISA mechanisms, particle morphology control, and future development directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA).
  • Analysis of thermodynamic, kinetic, and structural factors in block copolymer micellization.
  • Exploration of PISA principles for gradient and block copolymer formation.
  • Investigation of PISA mechanisms and their influence on particle morphology.

Main Results:

  • PISA enables the production of biodegradable and functional block copolymer particles.
  • Diverse particle morphologies can be achieved through controlled PISA processes.
  • Understanding PISA principles is crucial for designing particles with specific properties.

Conclusions:

  • PISA is a powerful platform for creating advanced block copolymer materials.
  • Further research into PISA mechanisms can unlock new applications.
  • Rational synthesis via PISA holds significant promise for commercialization.