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Related Concept Videos

The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Ceramic Omnidirectional Bioprinting in Cell-Laden Suspensions for the Generation of Bone Analogs
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Correlation between Ca Release and Osteoconduction by 3D-Printed Hydroxyapatite-Based Templates.

Mohamad N Hassan1,2, Ahmed M Eltawila3,4, Samih Mohamed-Ahmed1

  • 1Centre for Translational Oral Research (TOR), Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, Bergen 5009, Norway.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|May 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hydroxyapatite (HA)-based templates for bone tissue engineering show optimal osteoconductivity at low calcium release rates. High calcium release from HA templates impedes new bone formation, both in vitro and in vivo.

Keywords:
PLATMCblendingbone regenerationcalcium phosphatescalvarial bone defectprintabilityrabbit

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A Lab-On-A-Chip Platform for Stimulating Osteocyte Mechanotransduction and Analyzing Functional Outcomes of Bone Remodeling
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Orthopedic Research

Background:

  • Hydroxyapatite (HA) is an osteoconductive bioceramic used in bone tissue engineering.
  • Its osteoconductivity varies, and optimal calcium (Ca) release levels for bone regeneration remain undetermined.
  • HA mimics the mineral component of bone, enhancing tissue integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between Ca release rates and osteoconductivity of HA-based templates.
  • To evaluate the impact of varying HA concentrations on template properties and bone regeneration.
  • To compare in vitro and in vivo osteoconductive performance.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of HA/poly(lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) (PLATMC) composite templates via melt-extrusion 3D-printing at 10%, 30%, and 50% HA ratios.
  • Assessment of printability and physical properties.
  • In vitro evaluation using human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells to measure mineralized extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion.
  • In vivo assessment in a rabbit calvarial defect model to quantify new bone formation.

Main Results:

  • Templates with 10% HA (HA10) showed mild Ca release and enhanced mineralized ECM secretion in vitro compared to pristine PLATMC.
  • High Ca release from 30% and 50% HA templates (HA30, HA50) resulted in reduced osteoconduction and impeded ECM secretion.
  • In vivo, PLATMC and HA10 demonstrated superior new bone formation and direct contact osteogenesis, while HA30 and HA50 showed distant osteogenesis and less bone ingrowth.

Conclusions:

  • HA-based templates exhibit osteoconductivity primarily at low rates of Ca release.
  • Excessive Ca release from higher HA concentrations negatively impacts bone regeneration.
  • Optimizing Ca release is crucial for effective HA-based bone tissue engineering scaffolds.