Nitric oxide-dependent cell death in glioblastoma and squamous cell carcinoma via prodeath mitochondrial clustering
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Air plasma-activated medium (APAM) and salinomycin induce cancer cell death by increasing nitric oxide (NO), leading to mitochondrial clustering and nuclear damage. This NO-dependent process is crucial for their anticancer effects.
Area Of Science
- Cell Biology
- Biochemistry
- Cancer Research
Background
- Mitochondrial distribution is vital for cell function and survival.
- Monopolar perinuclear mitochondrial clustering (MPMC) is linked to anticancer effects of air plasma-activated medium (APAM).
- Oxidant-dependent tubulin remodeling and mitochondrial fragmentation are associated with MPMC.
Purpose Of The Study
- Investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in APAM's anticancer activity.
- Determine the relationship between NO, MPMC, and cell death.
- Explore NO-dependent mechanisms in drug-resistant cancer treatment.
Main Methods
- Time-lapse microscopy to observe NO and MPMC dynamics.
- Measurement of NO, hydroxyl radicals, and lipid peroxides.
- Inhibition of NO using scavengers and augmentation using NO donors.
- Assessment of tubulin remodeling, nuclear damage, and cell death.
Main Results
- APAM treatment increased NO levels and MPMC in cancer cells, but not in normal cells.
- NO scavenging inhibited APAM-induced tubulin remodeling, MPMC, and cell death.
- NO donors enhanced APAM's pro-death effects.
- Salinomycin exhibited similar NO-dependent anticancer effects.
Conclusions
- APAM and salinomycin induce cancer cell death via a NO-dependent pathway.
- MPMC and oxidative mitochondria are critical components of this NO-driven cell death.
- MPMC represents a potential therapeutic target for NO-based anticancer agents against drug-resistant cancers.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
Related Concept Videos
Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become...
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...