Determinants associated with activation in patients with oral anticoagulant treatment: A cross-sectional study

The terms "patient activation" and "patient empowerment" are used to describe the extent to which individuals are able to manage their own healthcare. Health outcomes and quality of life improve in patients who are more active in health care. The aim of this study was to identify sociodemographic, clinical, sociological and psychological determinants associated with activation in a group of chronically anticoagulated patients.

Cross-sectional study of patients treated with oral antivitamin-k drugs attended at a specialized outpatient anticoagulant unit between November 2021 and June 2022. The main dependent variable was the level of patient activation according to the 13-item Patient Activation Measure (PAM-13). Simple and multiple linear regression models were conducted to identify the determinants associated with PAM-13 score.

A total of 137 patients who met all the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study. The mean age was 59.6 years (SD 13.8; range 22-86) and 60.6% were male. Sixty per cent presented a level IV of activation according to the PAM-13 scale. Mean patient activation score was 73.9 (SD 15.4). The factors independently associated with significantly lower activation were: emergency department visits in the past 12 months, intermediate social risk, anxiety symptoms, stress symptoms and low self-efficacy.

Five determinants were found to be associated with activation. Knowing the factors that modify the level of activation can help to identify subgroups of chronic anticoagulated patients who are less likely to engage in self-management and are therefore candidates for tailored educational interventions.